Monday, 13 April 2015

Technical skills

There is a lot of equipment and roles that are required to make a film and there is a level of competence and skill that is needed to carry out the jobs. Scripts need to be written and re-written until they are deemed ready, then actors need to be cast for roles, locations need to be found, equipment needs to be sourced including lighting, sound and cameras. Then it all has to be moved to where the shoot is and set up correctly, with a crew behind the scenes who all know what their job is and where they should be. My roles included production, set design and also a part in writing. In the production role, it was my job to ready the camera and sound for a shot and keep track of the continuity. In my role in set design it was my job to move everything out of the shot that was out of place as well as rearrange furniture to make room for equipment and add/position props (e.g. beer cans) Also in the time when the script was being written and re-written, I wrote a script as a general idea and looked at the final script that Matt wrote and made some suggestions. Whilst in my role in set design, I found a small bird ornament which whistled every so often. I made sure to inform others as I felt the noise might affect the filming. Also I was told that my idea, though not pursued in the end, was good, and the suggestions I put forth where taken into account when finalising a script.

Reviews

Short film: Driven (2013/14)
Produced by signal films for the BFI course last year, driven follows the story of a lost man who's sat nav appears to be running him in circles. At first, the viewer may be expected to find this situation almost comedic. However, as the film progresses and the sun goes down, its revealed that there is a far darker reason behind the mans unfortunate situation. Plot wise I feel like the film achieved the twist it was looking to achieve. The point at which the twist is revealed and the tone changes is so fast that it hits hard. the cinematography is also very well done. the use of over the shoulder shots to shoot the interior of the car whilst driving and stationary was well executed and the wider shots established both the feeling of isolation and being lost that the main character was feeling.

Foreign film: He loves me, He loves me not (2002 "À la folie... pas du tout" (original title))
This is a film of French origin, which focused on telling the same story from multiple perspectives. each time revealing that told us more about motives and plot, while at the same time changing the tone of the film dramatically. Colour is used a great deal in the film. There are moments when the film is very vibrant and other scenes where there is little colour. This follows the shift in mood throughout. the sound and music in the film play another key factor as the same song is repeated, again like the colour, played differently to mimic the tone. The plot is clever, at first making the viewer believe they are watching a romantic film and then slowly dismantling that façade to reveal a darker story, almost turning the film into a thriller, focused on a girl with a severe mental illness.

British film: 24 hour party people (2002)
Directed by Michael Winterbottom and written by Frank Cottrell Boyce, 24 hour party people is a biographical comedy set in the 1970's, and follows the establishment of Factory records by Tony Wilson (played by Steve Coogan) The style of the writing seems very fast. The film seems to skim through numerous real life events. However, the viewer is never really lost and wondering what is happening as the main character is constantly breaking the forth wall and telling you exactly who people are and what's happening. At the very start of the film we are even told how the plot of the film with go, telling us it parallels the story of Icarus. The cinematography is also very interesting. the film is filter to look as if the entire thing was filmed in the 1970's and there are parts where the film is spliced together with real life footage of the bands that are supposed to be playing. I feel this sets the tone of the film well and helps us understand who the main character is talking about or interacting with.

Behaviour and working practices in the film industry

Behaviour in the film industry is similar to behaviour in most places of work. Its important to keep a positive and healthy working relationship with your co workers. This means being polite to one another and treating everyone as equals and with respect. It is also important to act professionally. In a career that is focused on recording over a progressive long period of time, its important to know what your job is and to not do anything to jeopardise a shoot (e.g. talking when you shouldn't be).

This link shows further detail about working relationships:
http://testsite.cmcnet.co.uk/awctraining/sites/default/files/Effective%20Working%20Relationships.pdf

Health and safety is also a factor, as it is in many other professions. it is the job of the producer to make sure basic health and safety checks are done for every area of the production and that appropriate risk assessments are carried out.

Further information:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/production/health-and-safety

Finally, the film industry works to a very tight schedule and contains a lot of deadlines that need to be met. This makes time keeping extremely important in this career, arguably more than many others as one job being slow can effect every other afterwards. Its also important to expect to be working late and for large periods. Breaks should be provided and planned however.

Careers in film

In a session with Christine Pyke, we were informed of the many different careers in film and television, and where we should begin if we wished to pursue them. We were told about how the different types of funding affect what sort of content is published by the different television companies. We were told about the importance of focusing on a genre and researching that area if we wished to go in that direction, for example, having a knowledge of an area of history if you wished to pursue a carrier in documentary. There seemed to be a over arching message that it wouldn't be an immediate path to your desired career. Many would start doing running jobs but being placed on the sort of program you wished to work on and working your way up the ladder.
We have also learned about how the relationship between film and other wider media has changed in recent years. Online media has made films easier to access as well as television programs. there are also other media films have effected, such as music (and artists making music specifically for soundtracks) and clothing inspired by certain films.

Wednesday, 11 March 2015

Film roles


Each role in the film industry has a place and certain people won't be expected to ever talk. For example, the Marketing director will never need to talk to the sound technicians. Though jobs may be done completely separately from others, each must be done to complete a film. In this flow chart, the lines show who may need to communicate in that area.

The three main roles out of all these are the writer, director and producer.
The writer, obviously, is the one who has the original idea for the film and develops characters and a script.
The director has creative control over the film from the start of production to the end.
The producer is organiser an handles the crew, money and makes sure everything is ready.

Further information:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/production/cast-and-crew
http://creativeskillset.org/creative_industries/film/job_roles

Film production process

A 12-step Flow Chart For the Process of Film Making

1. The idea is the first ideas of the story and genre of film.
2. Development finance is getting funding to start the project and making sure key roles are filled i.e. writer.
3. Script development is the process of completing the script.
4. Packaging is planning out how the film will be made and who will be in it.
5. Financing is gaining the money required to fund to bulk of the project.
6. Pre-production is the planning of how the shoots for the film will go and what is needed.
7. The shoot is the filming itself.
8. Post production is the process of taking the rough footage and putting it all together.
9. Sales is production of advertising materials and screening of the film.
10. Marketing is the advertisement of the film and finding the target audience
11. Exhibition is the premiere and showing of the film.
12. Other windows is what happens to the film after release

Further information:
http://www.inspiredfilmandvideo.co.uk/content/stages-of-production

Copyright

Copyright effects all types of media including film. There are a list of areas that should be taken into account when making a film, in order to avoid copyright infringement:


Literary
The writing has to be an original concept. Dialogue can't be taken from other pieces and claimed to be the creation of the writer

Musical
compositions should be in the public domain or independently created 
 
Artistic
Photos or brands (logos) require permission if you wish to use them
 
Sound recording
Sound effects should be in the pubic domain or independently created
 
Film
video footage cannot be taken from another film without permission to use by the original creator

During the production of our film we managed to avoid most problems that may have occurred. Music was composed especially. Sounds where either recorded during the shoot or within the public domain. All film and writing was original. The only real problem we faced was the branding on a prop (a bottle of whiskey). However, the problems were avoided as the scenes were only short, most had the logo obscured and those that didn't were left out.

Further copyright information:
http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law

My script idea


The following is a script I wrote for the film course. The script is about Chris, a man working from home, who's computer breaks just before he can send off an important email. Whilst panicking, there is a knock at the door. When he goes to answer it he finds Jeremy and Martha, sales representatives of unknown origin. They con Chris into signing a huge contract by telling him they have a new laptop for him and proceed to take what they're owed immediately. When Chris next wakes, he finds himself buried up to his neck on a beach, being taunted by Jeremy and Martha, who explain that they have a debt to pay off and he has signed his life away within their contract. The script has two scenes with the two locations: Chis' house and the beach.

 

 

 

 

 

The Contract

Written by

James Alexander

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CARD:

(Sound of typing. Black screen. Text appears parallel to sound)

The Contract

SCENE 1.

INT. CHRIS’ HOUSE, STUDY – DAY

CUT FROM TITLE. Chris Francis is sat at his desk, typing on his computer rapidly. He is then interrupted by his phone ringing. Continuing to work with one hand, he PICKS UP the PHONE with his other.

 

CHRIS

Hello? Ah sir yes… yes I’m just finishing up now. It’ll take two seconds and I’ll email it over straight away. Yes, sir I understand…yes.

 

As Chris continues to speak to his boss, we see the COMPUTER SCREEN showing his work. Suddenly the screen switches off. Chris presses buttons frantically but the computer is dead.

 

CHRIS

(Makes a noise of panic then composes himself) No sir nothing’s wrong… yes everything should be on its way. Could I talk to you later sir? I just need to check some things…yes sir ok thank you.

 

Chris PUTS DOWN the phone and begins hitting the computer and the desk repeating the words “come on”, getting more and more frantic. He finally collapses with his head in his hands and moans with frustration. He takes a deep breath and sits up. He begins to talk to himself.

 

CHRIS

Ok. I can save this. The computer’s dead but there’s got to be a way I can still send this stuff. There are computers in the library… but it’s closed on a Sunday. I could buy a new one… but I don’t have the money for a replacement. Come on think. There’s got to be something, anything!

There is a sudden loud knocking on the door. Flustered and confused, Chris moves to the door and opens it cautiously. Standing outside are two figures; a man and woman. Both are dressed formally and quite pale in complexion. The man is smirking while the woman stares expressionless at Chris.

 

JEREMY

Good morning sir. How are you today? My name is Jeremy Cranston and this is my sister Martha. Say hello Martha.

 

Jeremy and Chris look at Martha. She stays silent and still. Jeremy begins to giggle.

 

CHRIS

Err…hello?

 

Jeremy

I’m playing with you sir. She won’t respond, she’s mute.

 

CHRIS

Oh I’m sorry

 

JEREMY

Don’t be sir. She deserved it. Now! We’ve been told, by our employer, that you are currently in a spot of bother. Some sort of computer issue? Can we come in?

 

CHRIS

Wait. Hold on. I’m not just letting you in my house. How do you know about the computer?

 

JEREMY

We know a lot of things sir, and I can assure you we are only here to help. We’ve brought exactly what you need.

 

CHRIS

Unless you’ve got a new computer behind your back, you’ve got nothing I need. Good bye.

 

As Chris CLOSES THE DOOR, Jeremy stops the door with his foot.

 

JEREMY

Sir, please. I don’t think you have many options at the moment do you? We’ve got what you need.

 

Jeremy grins and Chris opens the door again.

 

CHRIS

Go on then. What are you selling?

 

JEREMY

We’re selling absolutely nothing sir. Our employer has no need for money. No, we have nothing for you to buy BUT we do have a present for you. Martha, the gift.

 

Jeremy turns to his sister as she reveals a laptop from behind her back. The laptop has a piece of tape across the top, on which is written “CRANSTON 666”

 

Jeremy

This is the Cranston triple six. Designed by Martha and marketed by myself, the triple six is a devilishly fast and reliable machine. And we’ll give it to you for free. Here you go. Take it.

 

CHRIS

I don’t understand. You just go around giving people free computers? You get paid for this?

 

 

JEREMY

We don’t get paid sir. We’ve a debt to pay off. And we don’t give computers to everyone. We provide those in need with what they need when they really need it.

 

Martha passes the laptop to Chris, who examines it cautiously.

 

CHRIS

Well…thank you. Much appreciated. Bye then.

 

JEREMY

I’m afraid that there is something sir. Martha! The contract please.

 

Martha pulls from behind her back a large amount of paper. On the cover is the word contract in large fancy font. All other words are incredibly small.

 

JEREMY

Now it’s very long and very boring and we really don’t want to waste your time talking you through every single page, line and word.

 

Jeremy pulls a fountain pen from his jacket as Martha presents the final page of the contract to Chris.

 

JEREMY

But I feel like you’re a very busy man who needs to be doing busy man things so if you just sign here we can all be on our way.

 

Chris takes the pen and looks quite worried.

 

 

 

CHRIS

I think I should probably read over the thing. Just in case.

 

JEREMY

Sir. Please trust me. All it contains is an agreement to provide feedback if we ask you about how the product has functioned for you, and a waver stating that the product was free and you can’t try and scam us for money.

 

Chris thinks for a moment and says “ok” before signing the contract. The moment he finishes, the contract is pulled away, and the pen snatched from his hand. Jeremy returns the pen to his pocket and grins once more.

 

JEREMY

Excellent. Thank you so very much sir for all you’ve sacrificed for us. Martha. Please show Mr Francis page two five one of the contract.

 

Chris looks confused as Martha pushes the contract page under his nose.

 

JEREMY

Line three, paragraph two. “I hereby trade over my life and soul to the siblings Cranston, as payment for their provision of one desire of desperation.” Legally binding and signed by yourself. Effective immediately.

 

CHRIS

What do you mean? You said it was free?

 

Jeremy takes the contract from Martha. She then pulls out a hammer and the Cranston’s enter the house.

 

JEREMY

Words are smoke sir. Contracts are fire.

Martha enters the house and Jeremy closes the door behind them.

 

JEREMY

And we burn.

 

Scene ends with the door closing

 

SCENE 2.

EXT. BEACH – DAY

CLOSE UP OF CHRIS’ FACE. He is unconscious, with some blood running from his head. As he wakes up, it is revealed that Chris is buried up to his neck in sand. Jeremy is sat to his right and Martha to his left (as they were arranged on the doorstep). The two are now wearing sunglasses.

 

CHRIS

Hello? What happened? Where am I? W-why am I buried on a beach? What did you do?

 

MARTHA

You’ve a lot of questions haven’t you? Shame we aren’t to answer any.

 

JEREMY

Don’t tease the man Martha

 

Chris remains puzzled and begins to struggle and panic.

 

CHRIS

I thought she was mute?

 

 

 

JEREMY

And I thought you would have learnt that I’m a liar. Now please. We do wish to enjoy watching the tide as it creeps in.

 

Chris looks forward and realises what’s going to happen.

 

CHRIS

You… you can’t be serious? This is murder! You need to get me out now. I don’t deserve this.

 

Jeremy and Martha both scoff.

 

MARTHA

It doesn’t matter who deserves it. We’ve got to pay our debt. We try and pick the bad ones but sometimes it’s easier to trick the dumb ones.

 

JEREMY

What did I say about teasing the poor man sister? Let the dying man have some peace.

 

CHRIS

Please. There’s got to be something I can do for you. Anything. I’ll do anything you want just please don’t kill me…please.

 

Both Cranston’s lean in to listen.

 

MARTHA

Go on

 

JEREMY

We’re listening

 

CHRIS

Well. I’ve got money. I’ll give you everything I have.

 

JEREMY

We’ve no need for the material or monetary thank you.

 

MARTHA

Besides, you already signed that over. Page eighty six line…

 

CHRIS

Ok! Fine. Well I could kill people for you. Do what you do. Work for your boss and trick people into death. I can do all that stuff.

 

MARTHA

That just makes you sound like a psychopath sir.

 

JEREMY

Can’t let murderers go.

 

CHRIS

Oh come on! What if…I took your debt?

 

JEREMY

What?

 

CHRIS

I take on what you owe and pay off your debt. You two get to live without that burden and I… get to live.

 

MARTHA

We could be free?

 

CHRIS

Totally

 

The brother and sister both look at each other and gesture towards Chris with there eyes.

 

JEREMY

We’ve decided to dig you up

 

They begin digging, but as they do, the music of an ice cream van plays. Martha stops digging and looks away.

 

MARTHA

Brother. Ice cream.

 

Jeremy stops digging too.

 

JEREMY

Good idea Martha. We’ll have some ice cream then dig Mr Francis up.

 

They both stand and walk off. Chris panics and shouts at them but all he gets in response is a cry from Jeremy.

 

CHRIS

No! Wait please! Where are you going? Don’t leave me! Help me!

 

JEREMY

Don t worry. We’ll get you one too.

 

There is a cut to a shot of the two walking back with their ice-creams. Jeremy has an extra for Chris. They are shocked when they see that the tide has risen.

 

JEREMY

Oh…forgot about the tide. Poor Mr Francis. Oh well, you get another ice cream sister.

 

They walk off shot and the scene ends.

Friday, 30 January 2015

Session 9: Rushes

In this session, after a long break, we finally got to see the footage we'd come out with after shooting. Of course, these are just rough rushes and the sound hasn't been fully worked on yet so all we had was the audio from the cameras and mics to play with, but It was interesting to see the sheer quantity we had produced. The audio was synced to the video so we were tasked with trying to cut it down and try and decide the order of shots. We did find some hurdles. We had a lot of shots but sometimes we couldn't find a way to switch between them cleanly. We also struggled with switching between different audio and syncing it up with the actors. However, This may be combated in the next session. All in all though, when we cut down all the footage, we had a nice short run time that seemed to get our story across.

Shoot day 1 & 2

On the first shoot day I was doing production. The day was split in to two for everyone. One half would do a job for the first half of the shoot, then the other person who had that job would take over. For the first half of the shoot I was doing production backstage. This pretty much consisted of doing odd jobs like making tea for the crew, as well as helping take pictures of the shoot. After tea, I got to take over the role of producer. This consisted of watching out for continuity errors as well as readying the sound and camera crew for the directors command. I felt Like I learnt more about what production was and I decided after the first shoot day that it wasn't really for me. I understand its a very important role but I didn't really feel like I would want it as a carrier. The reason I think I didn't enjoy this job was mostly because it felt like there was a lot of pressure on what I was doing and where I had to be. The first shoot day went very well and we managed to fit in all the shots we had scheduled for the first day. However, towards the end of the shoot, as it was getting late, the elder actor did seem to get progressively more tired.

On the second day my role shifted to my second choice, set design. my role took place in the afternoon segment of the shoot which was quite important as I was a part of the movement from our first, main location, to the second location. This meant moving the equipment required as well as all the props we needed. Me and Holly were set with the task of turning the front room of the house we were shooting at, into that of a drunken fathers. we also had to move around some of the furniture in order to make space and set up the shot we would need. a way of making sure everything was right was to have one of us sat in the corner where the camera would face and check what would and wouldn't be in view. When our job was done we helped return things to the main sight. I preferred the set design job as I enjoyed the process of placing the props and checking they were in just the right place.

Day 1:

Me reading the shoot schedule on the first day:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/signalfilmandmedia/15824526748/in/set-72157649732721051

Pictures being taken behind the scenes:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/signalfilmandmedia/15389671504/in/set-72157649732721051

Day 2:

Moving the equipment into the house:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/signalfilmandmedia/15899384328/in/set-72157649886201882

The table we covered in empty cans:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/signalfilmandmedia/15826412207/in/set-72157649886201882

Session 7 & 8: Pre production

In these sessions we chose our roles for the film and were told what each of those roles did during production. We watched some shorts with May, who took us through the different types of camera shots that were used and that we may use, as well as differing types of recording devices and the importance of lighting and set design. My chosen departments were production and set design. My role in pre production was to help write up the call sheets and risk assessments, as well as find travel routes to the set for transport. The process of the film starts in the preproduction. all the planning an setting up needs to be done if the shoot is going to go according to plan. the day needs to be timetabled so that there are adequate breaks for everyone. So that everyone knows where they need to be at what time, what their job is. Meals need to be booked or sourced. Set up time and makeup needed to be taken into account. Even the time the sun goes down had to be checked for our film so we knew how much of the day we'd have to shoot the day scenes. The set designers job is to make sure that a set is ready for shooting. Everything that is required to give a room atmosphere is positioned correctly and anything that can break that atmosphere must be removed. We also looked over the script and made some final alterations until we were happy with everything.

Bellow is a blank call sheet. In the planning sessions, it was the job of the production team to fill it in. The call sheet shows what scenes are being shot on that day, the times shooting and breaks should be happening and who needs to be where.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/95522743@N02/16086662142/lightbox/
This is the call sheet for the first shoot day now filled in.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/signalfilmandmedia/16086661882/in/photostream/lightbox/

Session 6: Script writing

When we returned to construct the script, I decided not to put forward my idea. Though I was happy with it, I felt like it would be more fitting to begin a fresh with the ideas of the entire group and see what we could come up with. Both Zosia and Matt spearheaded the writing and did a superb job. We decided that the green house was our favourite of the location ideas we had come up with, also night being our favourite time setting. After that we developed both story and characters from the ideas that had come from the activities in the previous sessions. An elderly person and a young person seemed to work quite well in the setting, both were later decided to be male as that sex seemed to fit. It was decided that our conflict in the film would be caused by the father of the boy who then would get angry and destroy a plant in the greenhouse which would later be revealed to be the old mans. after this, the boy would meet the man, feel guilty, but ultimately end up tending to the plants for the old man. Matt wrote up a draft of this after the session which was sent out to us to read for discussion in the next session. However, everyone seemed pleased with the concept.

Session 5: Character and story

In this session we were introduced to writing and the writing process by Zosia Wand. We did a number of activities which helped us to understand the methods of creating believable characters with depth. these activities varied from reading short statements and attempting to relate to how a person would have felt whilst writing them, to sharing a piece of paper and adding a trait each until a full character and back story was created. Story wise we were told to take inspiration from anywhere. Both feelings and places can be expanded upon until an entire story is created. We ended the session discussing our film and we created a list of components we may all wish to see in the script. When I got home, I decided to take these new skills and develop a short script of my own using the list we had created. I really thought that what I had learnt about character development helped me to create something I was quite proud of.

The story of a film is split into 6 stages.
The first stage is the setup. this is around the first 10% of the film and is used to establish a setting and main characters. At the end we should also get a feel for what the main plot of the film will be.
The second stage is the new situation. this is 15% of the film and is the point at which the main character must react to the new situation they have been put in.
The third stage is the progress. for the next 25% the main character is shown working towards their primary goal that has been brought on by the previous stage.
The forth stage is complication. this is also 25% and raises a problem for the character to overcome and/or makes the end goal more important.
The fifth stage is the final push is 15% of the film. It involves the run up and completion of the end goal of the film.
The sixth stage is the aftermath. This is the final 10% of the film and shows what happens after the final push and what has happened to the main characters.

Further information:
 http://www.storymastery.com/story/screenplay-structure-five-key-turning-points-successful-scripts/

Session 4: Documentary

In the forth session (our second with Roy Stafford) we were taught about the history, production and marketing of a documentary. We were shown propaganda used during the second world war and part of a recent documentary about the fast food industry. It was interesting to see the juxtaposition between both the times they were made and the content in terms of how they were shot and the tone they gave to the audience. We were told that documentaries differed from drama. Documentary usually has a narration and footage of non scripted events, whereas drama may take a real life situation or problem to build the story upon. In terms of commercial success, documentaries seem more tailored to television as they can be segmented and easily advertised. they may struggle in cinemas as they lack a story to keep an audiences attention for a long period.